{"id":57845,"date":"2021-12-01T00:05:57","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T00:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.buildingsofireland.ie\/?post_type=building-otm&p=57845"},"modified":"2021-12-17T15:39:09","modified_gmt":"2021-12-17T15:39:09","slug":"cork-distilleries-company-cdc-bottling-plant-north-mall-cork","status":"publish","type":"building-otm","link":"https:\/\/www.buildingsofireland.ie\/ga\/building-of-the-month\/cork-distilleries-company-cdc-bottling-plant-north-mall-cork\/","title":{"rendered":"Cork Distilleries Company (CDC) Bottling Plant, North Mall, Cork"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Cork Distilleries Company (CDC) Bottling Plant (1962-4), North Mall, Cork, photographed on the 4th May 2019 and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Distilling has been an important part of the economy of Cork since the late eighteenth century and, with the production of gin and whiskey taking place in several sites around the city, the industry has been a significant employer for over two hundred years.\u00a0 Four of the largest distilleries \u2013 Daly’s Distillery, Green Distillery, North Mall Distillery and Watercourse Distillery \u2013 amalgamated in 1867 to form the Cork Distilleries Company (CDC): the company was joined by Midleton Distillery in 1868.\u00a0 The largest and most profitable plant was based in North Mall on an island on the north bank of the River Lee.\u00a0 A calamitous fire in 1920 destroyed the Victorian mill and caused significant damage to much of the surrounding site.\u00a0 The disaster coincided with a moment of crisis for the distilling industry, not only in Cork but throughout Ireland, and, in the face of economic uncertainty, the company opted not to rebuild or renovate but to move production of the elixirs to the plant in Midleton.\u00a0 The industry eventually recovered, although many smaller concerns fell by the wayside, and, demand beginning to outstrip supply, the limitations of the Midleton site became increasingly apparent.\u00a0 This spurred the company to reconsider the dormant North Mall site and its potential for redevelopment as a bottling plant and dispatch warehouse for Cork Dry Gin and Paddy Whiskey.\u00a0 A state-of-the-art facility was required, not only for operational reasons but to promote the image of the company and its heritage-rich products as relevant to the contemporary Irish lifestyle, worthy rivals to Jameson and Powers, their Dublin-based competitors (fig. 1<\/em>)<\/strong>.\u00a0 It came as no surprise then when, in 1960, CDC appointed Frank Murphy (1916-93) to design the new North Mall plant (fig. 2<\/em>)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Murphy, a graduate of University College Dublin in 1939, was part of a circle of architects and artists deeply rooted in the modern movement, keen to explore contemporary architecture on the continent and in the United States, and equally keen to adapt it to an Irish context.\u00a0 Murphy had a particular interest in Scandinavian architecture and chose to honeymoon in Sweden in 1947 owing to the abundance of modern architecture he could discover there.\u00a0 He revisited for three months in 1951 and again in his capacity as an envoy for Bord F\u00e1ilte \u00c9ireann promoting tourism in West Cork.\u00a0 These trips gave him ample opportunity to study the work of Alvar Aalto (1898-1976), Gunnar Asplund (1885-1940), Sigurd Lewerentz (1885-1975) and others who sought marry contemporary architecture with the natural landscape.\u00a0 By the early 1960s his attention seemed to turn more towards American and British architecture and he was an admirer of the General Motors Technical Center (1949-55), Michigan, by the Finnish-American Eero Sarrinen (1910-61) which used colour as a device for visual separation of large zones.\u00a0 He was also attracted to the work of the British Brutalists, Alison Smithson (1928-93) and Peter Smithson (1923-2003), and their emphasis on expressing internal functions graphically on external elevations.<\/p>\n

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Figure 2: Frank Murphy (1916-93) photographed in 1988.\u00a0 Murphy, a graduate of University College Dublin in 1939, had a particular interest in contemporary Scandinavian architecture and his early commissions, mostly from commercial companies and religious institutions in his native Cork, included the Dutch-influenced Jennings Soda Water Factory (1949-50) and the Scandi-styled Presentation Convent and National School (1952-7) in Ballyphehane.\u00a0 His early masterpiece, All Saints Catholic Church (1953-6), Drimoleague, has been described by Richard Butler as West Cork’s first modernist building.\u00a0 Tom Spalding remarks that Murphy was ‘Cork’s most exciting architect at this time’.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Murphy’s practice, opened in 51 South Mall the year after his graduation, was built on commissions from commercial companies and religious institutions, mostly in his native Cork, which included the Dutch-influenced Jennings Soda Water Factory (1949-50) on Watercourse Road, the Chicago-esque Shield Insurance Building (1950) in South Mall, and the Scandi-styled Presentation Convent and National School (1952-7) in Ballyphehane.\u00a0 Murphy produced an early masterpiece with All Saints Catholic Church (1953-6), Drimoleague, which has been described by Richard Butler as West Cork’s first modernist building.\u00a0 By 1961, when approached by CDC, Murphy was one of the most in-demand architects in Cork and had a staff of thirty in his studio.<\/p>\n

Murphy approached the North Mall plant with a dedication unmatched by his earlier commissions, designing and supervising the project almost entirely by himself, perhaps because, coincidentally and poignantly, the site was a stone’s throw away from the house on North Mall where he was born and raised.\u00a0 Murphy’s first task was to consolidate the site in preparation for its redevelopment.\u00a0 The facilities that had survived the fire of 1920 were ruined, unconnected and uncoordinated and Murphy seized the opportunity to reorder and synchronise, repurposing existing buildings, including the bond stores, and introducing new elements such as a small gate lodge.\u00a0 The original North Mall Distillery faced the city but, the site now prepared, the new bottling plant was given pride of place overlooking the River Lee.<\/p>\n

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Figure 3: The bottling plant photographed when production was in full flow and the bottling hall was alive with the sounds of clinking glass and whirring conveyor belts.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The bottling plant is long and low \u2013 Murphy insisted it should be single-storey in deference to the urban scale of the city \u2013 and it is difficult to appreciate its full extent unless viewed from a slight distance from the opposite side of the river.\u00a0 It is made up of several “zones”, the top-lit open plan bottling hall spanning the entire length of the building, the offices and canteen at the front framed by the cantilevered canopies of the goods-in and goods-out loading bays (fig. 3<\/em>)<\/strong>.\u00a0 The predominant building material is a pale russet-coloured concrete block, roughly rusticated, but Murphy skilfully avoided monotony by drawing on Sarrinen and the Smithsons and using palette and pattern to animate each “zone” and give it its own identity.<\/p>\n

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Figure 4: A detail of the office and canteen “zone” with its sequence of concentric planes and frames.\u00a0 The glazed bricks recall the ceramic tiles synonymous with Victorian breweries and distilleries.\u00a0 The bold choice of bright yellow may have been inspired by the Finnish-American architect, Eero Sarrinen (1910-61), who used colour as a device for visual separation of large zones, but, coupled with the blue of the concertina folding doors, may also have been a nod to the flag of Sweden where Murphy spent much time exploring contemporary architecture.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The office and canteen “zone” is identified by a sequence of concentric planes and frames beginning with an elongated horizontal window at its centre, a filmstrip of sorts, where aluminium fittings are set within a precast concrete frame.\u00a0 This gives way to bright yellow glazed brick \u2013 a tip of the cap to the glazed ceramic tiles synonymous with Victorian breweries and distilleries \u2013 with a margin of vertical soldiers.\u00a0 The sequence concludes with an outer plane of concrete block with precast concrete coping.\u00a0 The office and canteen “zone” is lower than the bottling hall behind it and, entered by way of a raised walkway on upturned pyramidal piers, gives the impression that it is floating (fig. 4<\/em>)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Figure 5: The taller of the goods-in and goods-out loading bays is sheltered by a half-cantilevered canopy whose chevrons resemble a rigid ripple of water and match, in profile, the concertina folding doors below.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The goods-in and goods-out loading bays on either side are sheltered by half-cantilevered canopies on remarkably slender piers, which, ingeniously, have ducted pipes to carry rainwater from the roof to drains below.\u00a0 The taller of the two adopts the guise of a rigid ripple of water, the reinforced concrete chevrons matching, in profile, the concertina folding doors below (fig. 5<\/em>)<\/strong>.\u00a0 The loading bay closest to North Mall is of cast concrete with a semi-elliptical fluted underside.\u00a0 A symmetrical concrete framework filled with glass blocks gives much needed light to the working space behind (fig. 6<\/em>)<\/strong>.\u00a0 The expressive canopies give vertical thrust to the bottling plant, countering the elongated superimposed horizontals, and, in another nod to Victorian factories, are joined by a soaring chimney stack rising above the surrounding treetops.<\/p>\n

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Figure 6: The loading bay closest to North Mall is sheltered by a half-cantilevered canopy on five slender piers and resembles a Classical porte coch\u00e8re as filtered through contemporary modernism.\u00a0 A rigidly symmetrical concrete framework filled with glass blocks gives much needed light to the working space behind.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The heart of the bottling plant, the enormous bottling hall, eliminated the need for structural piers or pillars by using gargantuan steel beams, thirty metres in length, to support the fourteen saw tooth-profiled roofs overhead.\u00a0 This feat of engineering was designed by Edwin Uniacke who joined Murphy’s practice in 1953, becoming partner in 1965, and is best appreciated from within as only the crowns of the teeth are visible above the parapet.<\/p>\n

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Figure 7: The stark outlines of the bottling plant were mitigated by soft landscaping including precast concrete planters around the base of the office and canteen “zone”<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The stark outlines were mitigated by soft landscaping with precast concrete planters around the base of the office and canteen “zone”, kerbed lawns which over time included perennials and shrubberies, and the shelter bed of trees which give tantalising glimpses of the bottling plant from Saint Vincent’s Bridge and The Mardyke (fig. 7<\/em>)<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Classical Revival City Hall (1932-6) is often referred to as the last of the Gandon-style monuments in Cork but Murphy’s industrial masterpiece can stake a claim to that title, benefitting from, and giving a unique sense of place to its setting on the River Lee.<\/p>\n

Murphy’s work became increasingly diversified in the 1960s and covered a broad spectrum of commissions including Thompsons Bakery (1962-7) in MacCurtain Street; his own home, T\u00edr na n\u00d3g<\/em> (1964-5), in Blackrock; and Sutton House (1966-7), South Mall, the first purpose-built office block in Cork.\u00a0 As his practice continued to win prestigious commissions in the 1970s, Murphy took a step back, acting as a frontman for the company but ceding creative control to his team so that he could dedicate his efforts to his other passion: the protection and restoration of Cork’s architectural heritage.<\/p>\n

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Figure 8: Murphy’s work became increasingly diversified in the 1960s, turning to conservation of Cork’s architectural heritage in the 1970s, but he revisited North Mall time and time again.\u00a0 An aerial photograph illustrates the extension for the Dispatch Department (1969), the Gin Compounding Department (1969) and the multi-roofed bond store which Murphy partly adapted as a cooperage (1973).\u00a0 The photograph also illustrates the remains of the earlier North Mall Distillery, largely destroyed by fire in 1920, including the stump of a red brick chimney (1877).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The future of Skiddy’s Almshouse (1718-9), the oldest continually occupied charitable building in Cork, was put in jeopardy in 1966 when the trustees of the charity moved to new premises on Pouladuff Road and sold the site to the North Infirmary Hospital for redevelopment.\u00a0 Murphy was alarmed at the potential destruction of an irreplaceable architectural gem and established the Cork Preservation Society in 1968 with the express purpose of raising funds to purchase Skiddy’s Almshouse for the benefit of the people of Cork.\u00a0 Drawing on a wealth of professional contacts and well placed supporters, including An Taoiseach Jack Lynch (1917-99), Murphy supervised the rehabilitation of the almshouse as fifteen self-contained apartments, the completion of the project in 1975 coinciding with the European Architectural Heritage Year aimed at fostering an awareness of and an appreciation for our architectural heritage.<\/p>\n

Almost fifty years have passed since then and, while Skiddy’s Almshouse continues to thrive, Murphy’s own contributions to the architectural heritage of Cork are not so assured.\u00a0 Jennings Soda Water Factory and Thompsons Bakery have been sensitively repurposed, the stylish chrome and mosaic shopfront of Mayne’s Pharmacy (1959) still dazzles, but Murphy’s offices have not fared so well: the Shield Insurance Building in South Mall has been altered beyond recognition while the nearby General Accident Building (1964) has been replaced.\u00a0 The bottling plant has been dormant since 2007 when Irish Distillers Limited (IDL), the company formed in 1966 by the merger of CDC with John Jameson and Son and John Power and Son, moved production to facilities in Dublin and Antrim.\u00a0 Our architectural heritage must adapt if it is to remain viable as a legacy for future generations.\u00a0 Cork has a proud tradition of adapting its architectural heritage, finding new uses for historic buildings, blending modern interventions and original fabric with flair, and it is hoped that, with a little imagination, the sleeping giant on the bank of the River Lee, once bustling with the sounds of clinking glass and whirring conveyor belts, will awaken as a hive of activity once more.<\/p>\n

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Figure 9: One of a pair of plaques discretely placed on a corner of the bottling plant records the names of Frank Murphy as architect and P.J. Hegarty and Sons (established 1925) of Cork as the contractors.\u00a0 The second plaque, whose hand-cut lettering is attributable to Seamus Murphy (1907-75) working in the style of Eric Gill (1882-1940), is inscribed: “CORK\/DISTILLERIES\/Co. Ltd.\/1964”.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Conor English received his Bachelor Degree in Architecture from Dundee University and his Masters Degree from University College Dublin.\u00a0 He works in an architectural practice in Dublin.\u00a0 He is the author of <\/em>Cork’s Modern Architect: The Work of Frank Murphy<\/a><\/strong> (2019), the definitive biography of his granduncle, Frank Murphy, who inspired his interest in architecture.<\/em><\/p>\n

Conor would like to thank Edwin Uniacke who worked with Frank Murphy & Partners from 1953 to 1973, Peter Murphy of FMP Architects, Dr. Ellen Rowley and Dr. Tom Spalding.<\/p>\n

FURTHER READING<\/strong><\/p>\n

Butler, Richard J., “All Saints, Drimoleague, and Catholic visual culture under Bishop Cornelius Lucey in Cork 1952-9” in Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society Volume 120<\/em> (Cork: Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, 2015), pp.79-97<\/p>\n

English, Conor, Cork’s Modern Architect: The Work of Frank Murphy<\/em> (Cork: Watermans, 2019)<\/p>\n

Rynne, Colin, Industrial Ireland 1750-1930: An Archaeology<\/em> (Cork: Collins Press, 2006)<\/p>\n

Spalding, Tom, A Guide to Cork’s 20th<\/sup> Century Architecture<\/em> (Cork: Cork Architectural Press, 2010)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":57846,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"county":[],"class_list":["post-57845","building-otm","type-building-otm","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCork Distilleries Company (CDC) Bottling Plant, North Mall, Cork - Buildings of Ireland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buildingsofireland.ie\/ga\/building-of-the-month\/cork-distilleries-company-cdc-bottling-plant-north-mall-cork\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ga_IE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cork Distilleries Company (CDC) Bottling Plant, North Mall, Cork - Buildings of Ireland\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Distilling has been an important part of the economy of Cork since the late eighteenth century and, with the production of gin and whiskey taking place in several sites around the city, the industry has been a significant employer for over two hundred years.\u00a0 Four of the largest distilleries \u2013 Daly’s Distillery, Green Distillery, North\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.buildingsofireland.ie\/ga\/building-of-the-month\/cork-distilleries-company-cdc-bottling-plant-north-mall-cork\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Buildings of Ireland\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/www.buildingsofireland.ie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-12-17T15:39:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.buildingsofireland.ie\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Cork-Distilleries-Company-CDC-Bottling-Plant-North-Mall-Cork-01-1200x900.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.buildingsofireland.ie\/ga\/building-of-the-month\/cork-distilleries-company-cdc-bottling-plant-north-mall-cork\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.buildingsofireland.ie\/ga\/building-of-the-month\/cork-distilleries-company-cdc-bottling-plant-north-mall-cork\/\",\"name\":\"Cork Distilleries Company (CDC) Bottling Plant, North Mall, Cork - 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